Participatory Development

Participatory Development by Arif Hasan emphasizes the importance of involving local communities in the planning and decision-making processes of urban development. The work advocates for a bottom-up approach, where communities

Livelihood Substitution: Case of Lyari Expressway

Livelihood Substitution: Case of Lyari Expressway by Arif Hasan examines the impact of the Lyari Expressway project on local livelihoods. The study highlights how the construction of the expressway led

Proposal for a Sewage Disposal System for Karachi

The Proposal for a Sewage Disposal System for Karachi by the Orangi Pilot Project suggests a low-cost, community-driven approach to address the city’s sewage crisis. It advocates for decentralized, self-managed